| 11 | 12 | 1 |
2 | 3 | 13 |
4 | 14 | 15
| 5 | 6 | 7
| 8 | 16 | 9
| 10 |
EDITOR'S NOTE: The
Biblia Novo-vulgata (Latin Neovulgate)
includes only chapters 1 through 10, but
incorporating the Greek additions to the original
Hebrew text. The extra chapters in the English
translation correspond to the Greek additions. The
RSVCE gives numbers for these 'extra' chapters (thus
the unusual number sequence), while the New American
Bible uses letters. (The RSVCE correspondence to the
NAB is as follows: 11 & 12 = A; 13 = B; 14 = C;
15 = D; 16 = E; 10:4-13 = F:1-11.) Jews and
Protestants consider only the Hebrew part canonical,
but Catholics accept also the Greek additions.
Now Mordecai took his rest in the courtyard with Gabatha and Tharra, the two eunuchs of the king who kept watch in the courtyard. He overheard their conversation and inquired into their purposes, and learned that they were preparing to lay hands upon Artaxerxes the king; and he informed the king concerning them. Then the king examined the two eunuchs, and when they confessed they were led to execution, The king made a permanent record of these things, and Mordecai wrote an account of them. And the king ordered Mordecai to serve in the court and rewarded him for these things. But Haman, the son of Hammedatha, a Bougaean, was in great honor with the king, and he sought to injure Mordecai and his people because of the two eunuchs of the king.
In the days of Ahasuerus, the Ahasuerus who reigned from India to Ethiopia over one hundred and twenty-seven provinces, in those days when King Ahasuerus sat on his royal throne in Susa the capital, in the third year of his reign he gave a banquet for all his princes and servants, the army chiefs of Persia and Media and the nobles and governors of the provinces being before him, while he showed the riches of his royal glory and the splendor and pomp of his majesty for many days, a hundred and eighty days. And when these days were completed, the king gave for all the people present in Susa the capital, both great and small, a banquet lasting for seven days, in the court of the garden of the king's palace. There were white cotton curtains and blue hangings caught up with cords of fine linen and purple to silver rings and marble pillars, and also couches of gold and silver on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl and precious stones. Drinks were served in golden goblets, goblets of different kinds, and the royal wine was lavished according to the bounty of the king. And drinking was according to the law, no one was compelled; for the king had given orders to all the officials of his palace to do as every man desired. Queen Vashti also gave a banquet for the women in the palace which belonged to King Ahasuerus. On the seventh day, when the heart of the king was merry with wine, he commanded Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha and Abagtha, Zethar and Carkas, the seven eunuchs who served King Ahasuerus as chamberlains, to bring Queen Vashti before the king with her royal crown, in order to show the peoples and the princes her beauty; for she was fair to behold. But Queen Vashti refused to come at the king's command conveyed by the eunuchs. At this the king was enraged, and his anger burned within him. Then the king said to the wise men who knew the times-- for this was the king's procedure toward all who were versed in law and judgment, the men next to him being Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, who saw the king's face, and sat first in the kingdom--: "According to the law, what is to be done to Queen Vashti, because she has not performed the command of King Ahasuerus conveyed by the eunuchs?" Then Memucan said in presence of the king and the princes, "Not only to the king has Queen Vashti done wrong, but also to all the princes and all the peoples who are in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus. For this deed of the queen will be made known to all women, causing them to look with contempt upon their husbands, since they will say, 'King Ahasuerus commanded Queen Vashti to be brought before him, and she did not come.' This very day the ladies of Persia and Media who have heard of the queen's behavior will be telling it to all the king's princes, and there will be contempt and wrath in plenty. If it please the king, let a royal order go forth from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes so that it may not be altered, that Vashti is to come no more before King Ahasuerus; and let the king give her royal position to another who is better than she. So when the decree made by the king is proclaimed throughout all his kingdom, vast as it is, all women will give honor to their husbands, high and low." This advice pleased the king and the princes, and the king did as Memucan proposed; he sent letters to all the royal provinces, to every province in its own script and to every people in its own language, that every man be lord in his own house and speak according to the language of his people.
After these things, when the anger of King Ahasuerus had abated, he remembered Vashti and what she had done and what had been decreed against her. Then the king's servants who attended him said, "Let beautiful young virgins be sought out for the king. And let the king appoint officers in all the provinces of his kingdom to gather all the beautiful young virgins to the harem in Susa the capital, under custody of Hegai the king's eunuch who is in charge of the women; let their ointments be given them. And let the maiden who pleases the king be queen instead of Vashti." This pleased the king, and he did so. Now there was a Jew in Susa the capital whose name was Mordecai, the son of Jair, son of Shime-i, son of Kish, a Benjaminite, who had been carried away from Jerusalem among the captives carried away with Jeconiah king of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had carried away. He had brought up Hadassah, that is Esther, the daughter of his uncle, for she had neither father nor mother; the maiden was beautiful and lovely, and when her father and her mother died, Mordecai adopted her as his own daughter. So when the king's order and his edict were proclaimed, and when many maidens were gathered in Susa the capital in custody of Hegai, Esther also was taken into the king's palace and put in custody of Hegai who had charge of the women. And the maiden pleased him and won his favor; and he quickly provided her with her ointments and her portion of food, and with seven chosen maids from the king's palace, and advanced her and her maids to the best place in the harem. Esther had not made known her people or kindred, for Mordecai had charged her not to make it known. And every day Mordecai walked in front of the court of the harem, to learn how Esther was and how she fared. Now when the turn came for each maiden to go in to King Ahasuerus, after being twelve months under the regulations for the women, since this was the regular period of their beautifying, six months with oil of myrrh and six months with spices and ointments for women-- when the maiden went in to the king in this way she was given whatever she desired to take with her from the harem to the king's palace. In the evening she went, and in the morning she came back to the second harem in custody of Sha-ashgaz the king's eunuch who was in charge of the concubines; she did not go in to the king again, unless the king delighted in her and she was summoned by name. When the turn came for Esther the daughter of Abihail the uncle of Mordecai, who had adopted her as his own daughter, to go in to the king, she asked for nothing except what Hegai the king's eunuch, who had charge of the women, advised. Now Esther found favor in the eyes of all who saw her. And when Esther was taken to King Ahasuerus into his royal palace in the tenth month, which is the month of Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign, the king loved Esther more than all the women, and she found grace and favor in his sight more than all the virgins, so that he set the royal crown on her head and made her queen instead of Vashti. Then the king gave a great banquet to all his princes and servants; it was Esther's banquet. He also granted a remission of taxes to the provinces, and gave gifts with royal liberality. When the virgins were gathered together the second time, Mordecai was sitting at the king's gate. Now Esther had not made known her kindred or her people, as Mordecai had charged her; for Esther obeyed Mordecai just as when she was brought up by him. And in those days, as Mordecai was sitting at the king's gate, Bigthan and Teresh, two of the king's eunuchs, who guarded the threshold, became angry and sought to lay hands on King Ahasuerus. And this came to the knowledge of Mordecai, and he told it to Queen Esther, and Esther told the king in the name of Mordecai. When the affair was investigated and found to be so, the men were both hanged on the gallows. And it was recorded in the Book of the Chronicles in the presence of the king.
After these things King Ahasuerus promoted Haman the
Agagite, the son of Hammedatha, and advanced him and set his seat
above all the princes who were with him. And all the king's
servants who were at the king's gate bowed down and did obeisance
to Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him. But
Mordecai did not bow down or do obeisance. Then the king's
servants who were at the king's gate said to Mordecai, "Why do you
transgress the king's command?" And when they spoke to him day
after day and he would not listen to them, they told Haman, in
order to see whether Mordecai's words would avail; for he had told
them that he was a Jew. And when Haman saw that Mordecai did not
bow down or do obeisance to him, Haman was filled with fury. But
he disdained to lay hands on Mordecai alone. So, as they had made
known to him the people of Mordecai, Haman sought to destroy all
the Jews, the people of Mordecai, throughout the whole kingdom of
Ahasuerus. In the first month, which is the month of Nisan, in the
twelfth year of King Ahasuerus, they cast Pur, that is the lot,
before Haman day after day; and they cast it month after month
till the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar. Then Haman
said to King Ahasuerus, "There is a certain people scattered
abroad and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of
your kingdom; their laws are different from those of every other
people, and they do not keep the king's laws, so that it is not
for the king's profit to tolerate them. If it please the king, let
it be decreed that they be destroyed, and I will pay ten thousand
talents of silver into the hands of those who have charge of the
king's business, that they may put it into the king's treasuries."
So the king took his signet ring from his hand and gave it to
Haman the Agagite, the son of Hammedatha, the enemy of the Jews.
And the king said to Haman, "The money is given to you, the people
also, to do with them as it seems good to you." Then the king's
secretaries were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first
month, and an edict, according to all that Haman commanded, was
written to the king's satraps and to the governors over all the
provinces and to the princes of all the peoples, to every province
in its own script and every people in its own language; it was
written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with the king's
ring. Letters were sent by couriers to all the king's provinces,
to destroy, to slay, and to annihilate all Jews, young and old,
women and children, in one day, the thirteenth day of the twelfth
month, which is the month of Adar, and to plunder their goods.
A copy of the document was to be issued as a decree in every
province by proclamation to all the peoples to be ready for that
day. The couriers went in haste by order of the king, and the
decree was issued in Susa the capital. And the king and Haman sat
down to drink; but the city of Susa was perplexed.
When Mordecai learned all that had been done, Mordecai
rent his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes, and went out into
the midst of the city, wailing with a loud and bitter cry; he went
up to the entrance of the king's gate, for no one might enter the
king's gate clothed with sackcloth. And in every province,
wherever the king's command and his decree came, there was great
mourning among the Jews, with fasting and weeping and lamenting,
and most of them lay in sackcloth and ashes. When Esther's maids
and her eunuchs came and told her, the queen was deeply
distressed; she sent garments to clothe Mordecai, so that he might
take off his sackcloth, but he would not accept them. Then Esther
called for Hathach, one of the king's eunuchs, who had been
appointed to attend her, and ordered him to go to Mordecai to
learn what this was and why it was. Hathach went out to Mordecai
in the open square of the city in front of the king's gate, and
Mordecai told him all that had happened to him, and the exact sum
of money that Haman had promised to pay into the king's treasuries
for the destruction of the Jews. Mordecai also gave him a copy of
the written decree issued in Susa for their destruction, that he
might show it to Esther and explain it to her and charge her to go
to the king to make supplication to him and entreat him for her
people. "Remembering the days of your lowliness, when you were
cared for by me, because Haman, who is next to the king, spoke
against us for our destruction. Beseech the Lord and speak to the
king concerning us and deliver us from death." And Hathach went
and told Esther what Mordecai had said. Then Esther spoke to
Hathach and gave him a message for Mordecai, saying, "All the
king's servants and the people of the king's provinces know that
if any man or woman goes to the king inside the inner court
without being called, there is but one law; all alike are to be
put to death, except the one to whom the king holds out the golden
scepter that he may live. And I have not been called to come in to
the king these thirty days." And they told Mordecai what Esther
had said. Then Mordecai told them to return answer to Esther,
"Think not that in the king's palace you will escape any more than
all the other Jews. For if you keep silence at such a time as
this, relief and deliverance will rise for the Jews from another
quarter, but you and your father's house will perish. And who
knows whether you have not come to the kingdom for such a time as
this?" Then Esther told them to reply to Mordecai, "Go, gather all
the Jews to be found in Susa, and hold a fast on my behalf, and
neither eat nor drink for three days, night or day. I and my maids
will also fast as you do. Then I will go to the king, though it is
against the law; and if I perish, I perish." Mordecai then went
away and did everything as Esther had ordered him.
And Esther the queen, seized with deathly anxiety, fled to the Lord; she took off her splendid apparel and put on the garments of distress and mourning, and instead of costly perfumes she covered her head with ashes and dung, and she utterly humbled her body, and every part that she loved to adorn she covered with her tangled hair. And she prayed to the Lord God of Israel, and said: "O my Lord, thou only art our King; help me, who am alone and have no helper but thee, for my danger is in my hand. Ever since I was born I have heard in the tribe of my family that thou, O Lord, didst take Israel out of all the nations, and our fathers from among all their ancestors, for an everlasting inheritance, and that thou didst do for them all that thou didst promise. And now we have sinned before thee, and thou hast given us into the hands of our enemies, because we glorified their gods. Thou art righteous, O Lord! And now they are not satisfied that we are in bitter slavery, but they have covenanted with their idols to abolish what thy mouth has ordained and to destroy thy inheritance, to stop the mouths of those who praise thee and to quench thy altar and the glory of thy house, to open the mouths of the nations for the praise of vain idols, and to magnify for ever a mortal king. O Lord, do not surrender thy scepter to what has no being; and do not let them mock at our downfall; but turn their plan against themselves, and make an example of the man who began this against us. Remember, O Lord; make thyself known in this time of our affliction, and give me courage, O King of the gods and Master of all dominion! Put eloquent speech in my mouth before the lion, and turn his heart to hate the man who is fighting against us, so that there may be an end of him and those who agree with him. But save us by thy hand, and help me, who am alone and have no helper but thee, O Lord. Thou hast knowledge of all things; and thou knowest that I hate the splendor of the wicked and abhor the bed of the uncircumcised and of any alien. Thou knowest my necessity that I abhor the sign of my proud position, which is upon my head on the days when I appear in public. I abhor it like a menstruous rag, and I do not wear it on the days when I am at leisure. And thy servant has not eaten at Haman's table, and I have not honored the king's feast or drunk the wine of the libations. Thy servant has had no joy since the day that I was brought here until now, except in thee, O Lord God of Abraham. O God, whose might is over all, hear the voice of the despairing, and save us from the hands of evildoers. And save me from my fear!"
On the third day, when she ended her prayer, she took off the garments in which she had worshipped, and arrayed herself in splendid attire. Then, majestically adorned, after invoking the aid of the all-seeing God and Savior, she took her two maids with her, leaning daintily on one, while the other followed carrying her train. She was radiant with perfect beauty, and she looked happy, as if beloved, but her heart was frozen with fear. When she had gone through all the doors, she stood before the king. He was seated on his royal throne, clothed in the full array of his majesty, all covered with gold and precious stones. And he was most terrifying. Lifting his face, flushed with splendor, he looked at her in fierce anger. And the queen faltered, and turned pale and faint, and collapsed upon the head of the maid who went before her. Then God changed the spirit of the king to gentleness, and in alarm he sprang from his throne and took her in his arms until she came to herself. And he comforted her with soothing words, and said to her, "What is it, Esther? I am your brother. Take courage; you shall not die, for our law applies only to the people. Come near." Then he raised the golden scepter and touched it to her neck; and he embraced her, and said, "Speak to me." And she said to him, "I saw you, my lord, like an angel of God, and my heart was shaken with fear at your glory. For you are wonderful, my lord, and your countenance is full of grace." But as she was speaking, she fell fainting. And the king was agitated, and all his servants sought to comfort her.
On that night the king could not sleep; and he gave orders to bring the book of memorable deeds, the chronicles, and they were read before the king. And it was found written how Mordecai had told about Bigthana and Teresh, two of the king's eunuchs, who guarded the threshold, and who had sought to lay hands upon King Ahasuerus. And the king said, "What honor or dignity has been bestowed on Mordecai for this?" The king's servants who attended him said, "Nothing has been done for him." And the king said, "Who is in the court?" Now Haman had just entered the outer court of the king's palace to speak to the king about having Mordecai hanged on the gallows that he had prepared for him. So the king's servants told him, "Haman is there, standing in the court." And the king said, "Let him come in." So Haman came in, and the king said to him, "What shall be done to the man whom the king delights to honor?" And Haman said to himself, "Whom would the king delight to honor more than me?" and Haman said to the king, "For the man whom the king delights to honor, let royal robes be brought, which the king has worn, and the horse which the king has ridden, and on whose head a royal crown is set; and let the robes and the horse be handed over to one of the king's most noble princes; let him array the man whom the king delights to honor, and let him conduct the man on horseback through the open square of the city, proclaiming before him: 'Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delights to honor.'" Then the king said to Haman, "Make haste, take the robes and the horse, as you have said, and do so to Mordecai the Jew who sits at the king's gate. Leave out nothing that you have mentioned." So Haman took the robes and the horse, and he arrayed Mordecai and made him ride through the open square of the city, proclaiming, "Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delights to honor." Then Mordecai returned to the king's gate. But Haman hurried to his house, mourning and with his head covered. And Haman told his wife Zeresh and all his friends everything that had befallen him. Then his wise men and his wife Zeresh said to him, "If Mordecai, before whom you have begun to fall, is of the Jewish people, you will not prevail against him but will surely fall before him." While they were yet talking with him, the king's eunuchs arrived and brought Haman in haste to the banquet that Esther had prepared.
So the king and Haman went in to feast with Queen Esther. And on the second day, as they were drinking wine, the king again said to Esther, "What is your petition, Queen Esther? It shall be granted you. And what is your request? Even to the half of my kingdom, it shall be fulfilled." Then Queen Esther answered, "If I have found favor in your sight, O king, and if it please the king, let my life be given me at my petition, and my people at my request. For we are sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, to be slain, and to be annihilated. If we had been sold merely as slaves, men and women, I would have held my peace; for our affliction is not to be compared with the loss to the king." Then King Ahasuerus said to Queen Esther, "Who is he, and where is he, that would presume to do this?" And Esther said, "A foe and enemy! This wicked Haman!" Then Haman was in terror before the king and the queen. And the king rose from the feast in wrath and went into the palace garden; but Haman stayed to beg his life from Queen Esther, for he saw that evil was determined against him by the king. And the king returned from the palace garden to the place where they were drinking wine, as Haman was falling on the couch where Esther was; and the king said, "Will he even assault the queen in my presence, in my own house?" As the words left the mouth of the king, they covered Haman's face. Then said Harbona, one of the eunuchs in attendance on the king, "Moreover, the gallows which Haman has prepared for Mordecai, whose word saved the king, is standing in Haman's house, fifty cubits high." And the king said, "Hang him on that." So they hanged Haman on the gallows which he had prepared for Mordecai. Then the anger of the king abated.
On that day King Ahasuerus gave to Queen Esther the
house of Haman, the enemy of the Jews. And Mordecai came before
the king, for Esther had told what he was to her; and the king
took off his signet ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave
it to Mordecai. And Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman.
Then Esther spoke again to the king; she fell at his feet and
besought him with tears to avert the evil design of Haman the
Agagite and the plot which he had devised against the Jews. And
the king held out the golden scepter to Esther, and Esther rose
and stood before the king. And she said, "If it please the king,
and if I have found favor in his sight, and if the thing seem
right before the king, and I be pleasing in his eyes, let an order
be written to revoke the letters devised by Haman the Agagite, the
son of Hammedatha, which he wrote to destroy the Jews who are in
all the provinces of the king. For how can I endure to see the
calamity that is coming to my people? Or how can I endure to see
the destruction of my kindred?" Then King Ahasuerus said to Queen
Esther and to Mordecai the Jew, "Behold, I have given Esther the
house of Haman, and they have hanged him on the gallows, because
he would lay hands on the Jews. And you may write as you please
with regard to the Jews, in the name of the king, and seal it with
the king's ring; for an edict written in the name of the king and
sealed with the king's ring cannot be revoked." The king's
secretaries were summoned at that time, in the third month, which
is the month of Sivan, on the twenty-third day; and an edict was
written according to all that Mordecai commanded concerning the
Jews to the satraps and the governors and the princes of the
provinces from India to Ethiopia, a hundred and twenty-seven
provinces, to every province in its own script and to every people
in its own language, and also to the Jews in their script and
their language. The writing was in the name of King Ahasuerus and
sealed with the king's ring, and letters were sent by mounted
couriers riding on swift horses that were used in the king's
service, bred from the royal stud. By these the king allowed the
Jews who were in every city to gather and defend their lives, to
destroy, to slay, and to annihilate any armed force of any people
or province that might attack them, with their children and women,
and to plunder their goods, upon one day throughout all the
provinces of King Ahasuerus, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth
month, which is the month of Adar.
A copy of what was written was to be issued as a decree in every
province, and by proclamation to all peoples, and the Jews were to
be ready on that day to avenge themselves upon their enemies. So
the couriers, mounted on their swift horses that were used in the
king's service, rode out in haste, urged by the king's command;
and the decree was issued in Susa the capital. Then Mordecai went
out from the presence of the king in royal robes of blue and
white, with a great golden crown and a mantle of fine linen and
purple, while the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced. The Jews had
light and gladness and joy and honor. And in every province and in
every city, wherever the king's command and his edict came, there
was gladness and joy among the Jews, a feast and a holiday. And
many from the peoples of the country declared themselves Jews, for
the fear of the Jews had fallen upon them.
The following is a copy of this letter: "The Great
King, Artaxerxes, to the rulers of the provinces from India to
Ethiopia, one hundred and twenty-seven satrapies, and to those who
are loyal to our government, greeting. "The more often they are
honored by the too great kindness of their benefactors, the more
proud do many men become. They not only seek to injure our
subjects, but in their inability to stand prosperity they even
undertake to scheme against their own benefactors. They not only
take away thankfulness from among men, but, carried away by the
boasts of those who know nothing of goodness they suppose that
they will escape the evil-hating justice of God, who always sees
everything. And often many of those who are set in places of
authority have been made in part responsible for the shedding of
innocent blood, and have been involved in irremediable calamities,
by the persuasion of friends who have been entrusted with the
administration of public affairs, when these men by the false
trickery of their evil natures beguile the sincere good will of
their sovereigns. "What has been wickedly accomplished through the
pestilent behavior of those who exercise authority unworthily, can
be seen not so much from the more ancient records which we hand on
as from investigation of matters close at hand. For the future we
will take care to render our kingdom quiet and peaceable for all
men, by changing our methods and always judging what comes before
our eyes with more equitable consideration. For Haman, the son of
Hammedatha, a Macedonian (really an alien to the Persian blood,
and quite devoid of our kindliness), having become our guest, so
far enjoyed the good will that we have for every nation that he
was called our father and was continually bowed sown to by all as
the person second to the royal throne. But, unable to restrain his
arrogance, he undertook to deprive us of our kingdom and our life,
and with intricate craft and deceit asked for destruction of
Mordecai, our savior and perpetual benefactor, and of Esther, the
blameless partner of our kingdom, together with their whole
nation. He thought that in this way he would find us undefended
and would transfer the kingdom of the Persians to the Macedonians.
"But we find that the Jews, who were consigned to annihilation by
this thrice accursed man, are not evildoers but are governed by
most righteous laws and are sons of the Most High, the most mighty
living God, who has directed the kingdom both for us an for our
fathers in the most excellent order. "You will therefore do well
not to put in execution the letters sent by Haman the son of
Hammedatha, because the man himself who did these things has been
hanged at the gate of Susa, with all his household. For God, who
rules over all things, has speedily inflicted on him the
punishment he deserved. 'Therefore post a copy of this letter
publicly in every place, and permit the Jews to live under their
own laws. And give them reinforcements, so that on the thirteenth
day of the twelfth month, Adar, on that very day they may defend
themselves against those who attach them at the time of their
affliction. For God, who rules over all things, has made this day
to be a joy to his chosen people instead of a day of destruction
for them. 'Therefore you shall observe this with all good cheer as
a notable day among your commemorative festivals, so that both now
and hereafter it may mean salvation for us and the loyal Persians,
but that for those who plot against us it may be a reminder of
destruction. "Every city and country, without exception, which
does not act accordingly, shall be destroyed in wrath with spear
and fire. It shall be made not only impassable for men, but also
most hateful for all time to beasts and birds."
Now in the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same, when the king's command and edict were about to be executed, on the very day when the enemies of the Jews hoped to get the mastery over them, but which had been changed to a day when the Jews should get the mastery over their foes, the Jews gathered in their cities throughout all the provinces of King Ahasuerus to lay hands on such as sought their hurt. And no one could make a stand against them, for the fear of them had fallen upon all peoples. All the princes of the provinces and the satraps and the governors and the royal officials also helped the Jews, for the fear of Mordecai had fallen upon them. For Mordecai was great in the king's house, and his fame spread throughout all the provinces; for the man Mordecai grew more and more powerful. So the Jews smote all their enemies with the sword, slaughtering, and destroying them, and did as they pleased to those who hated them. In Susa the capital itself the Jews slew and destroyed five hundred men, and also slew Par-shan-datha and Dalphon and Aspatha and Poratha and Adalia and Aridatha and Parmashta and Arisai and Aridai and Vaizatha, the ten sons of Haman the son of Hammedatha, the enemy of the Jews; but they laid no hand on the plunder. That very day the number of those slain in Susa the capital was reported to the king. And the king said to Queen Esther, "In Susa the capital the Jews have slain five hundred men and also the ten sons of Haman. What then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces! Now what is your petition? It shall be granted you. And what further is your request? It shall be fulfilled." And Esther said, "If it please the king, let the Jews who are in Susa be allowed tomorrow also to do according to this day's edict. And let the ten sons of Haman be hanged on the gallows." So the king commanded this to be done; a decree was issued in Susa, and the ten sons of Haman were hanged. The Jews who were in Susa gathered also on the fourteenth day of the month of Adar and they slew three hundred men in Susa; but they laid no hands on the plunder. Now the other Jews who were in the king's provinces also gathered to defend their lives, and got relief from their enemies, and slew seventy-five thousand of those who hated them; but they laid no hands on the plunder. This was on the thirteenth day of the month of Adar, and on the fourteenth day they rested and made that a day of feasting and gladness. But the Jews who were in Susa gathered on the thirteenth day and on the fourteenth, and rested on the fifteenth day, making that a day of feasting and gladness. Therefore the Jews of the villages, who live in the open towns, hold the fourteenth day of the month of Adar as a day for gladness and feasting and holiday-making, and a day on which they send choice portions to one another. And Mordecai recorded these things, and sent letters to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, both near and far, enjoining them that they should keep the fourteenth day of the month Adar and also the fifteenth day of the same, year by year, as the days on which the Jews got relief from their enemies, and as the month that had been turned for them from sorrow into gladness and from mourning into a holiday; that they should make them days of feasting and gladness, days for sending choice portions to one another and gifts to the poor. So the Jews undertook to do as they had begun, and as Mordecai had written to them. For Haman the Agagite, the son of Hammedatha, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is the lot, to crush and destroy them; but when Esther came before the king, he gave orders in writing that his wicked plot which he had devised against the Jews should come upon his own head, and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows. Therefore they called these days Purim, after the term Pur. And therefore, because of all that was written in this letter, and of what they had faced in this matter, and of what had befallen them, the Jews ordained and took it upon themselves and their descendants and all who joined them, that without fail they would keep these two days according to what was written and at the time appointed every year, that these days should be remembered and kept throughout every generation, in every family, province, and city, and that these days of Purim should never fall into disuse among the Jews, nor should the commemoration of these days cease among their descendants. Then Queen Esther, the daughter of Abihail, and Mordecai the Jew gave full written authority, confirming this second letter about Purim. Letters were sent to all the Jews, to the hundred and twenty-seven provinces of the kingdom of Ahasuerus, in words of peace and truth, that these days of Purim should be observed at their appointed seasons, as Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther enjoined upon the Jews, and as they had laid down for themselves and for their descendants, with regard to their fasts and their lamenting. The command of Queen Esther fixed these practices of Purim, and it was recorded in writing.
King Ahasuerus laid tribute on the land and on the
coastlands of the sea. And all the acts of his power and might,
and the full account of the high honor of Mordecai, to which the
king advanced him, are they not written in the Book of the
Chronicles of the kings of Media and Persia? For Mordecai the Jew
was next in rank to King Ahasuerus, and he was great among the
Jews and popular with the multitude of his brethren, for he sought
the welfare of his people and spoke peace to all his people.
And Mordecai said, "These things have come from God. For I
remember the dream that I had concerning these matters, and none
of them has failed to be fulfilled. The tiny spring which became a
river, and there was light and the sun and abundant water the
river is Esther, whom the king married and made queen. The two
dragons are Haman and myself. The nations are those that gathered
to destroy the name of the Jews. And my nation, this is Israel,
who cried out to God and were saved. The Lord has saved his
people; the Lord has delivered us from all these evils; God has
done great signs and wonders, which have not occurred among the
nations. For this purpose he made two lots, one for the people of
God and one for all the nations. And these two lots came to the
hour and moment and day of decision before God and among all the
nations. And God remembered his people and vindicated his
inheritance. So they will observe these days in the month of Adar,
on the fourteenth and fifteenth of that month, with an assembly
and joy and gladness before God, from generation to generation for
ever among his people Israel."